Beta blockers generally have what effect on heart rate?

• A. Increase
• B. No change
• C. Lower
• D. Stabilize

Answer: (C)

Beta blockers primarily function by blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine, also known as adrenaline. This results in a decrease in heart rate. By inhibiting the stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, beta blockers reduce the heart's workload and oxygen demand, leading to a slower heart rate. This effect is particularly beneficial in conditions such as hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias.

While some medications may have minimal effects on heart rate, or stabilize it during certain conditions, beta blockers characteristically lower the heart rate as a fundamental part of their pharmacological action. Therefore, the correct choice reflects the physiological impact of beta blockers on heart rate.